Background and Aims: The aim of the present study was to present a model of self-awareness in patients with MS based on visual-spatial development, sports mindfulness, and perceived physical fitness with the mediating role of mental balance. Materials and Methods: The research design was a quantitative correlational type. The statistical population was all patients with MS in Boroujerd in 1402-1403, and 300 people were selected for the sample using the Krejci-Morgan table using the available sampling method. The questionnaires of visual-spatial development, sports mindfulness, perceived physical fitness, and mental balance were used. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS24 and AMOS software. Results: The findings showed that the standard path coefficients of visual-spatial development (β=0.67), perceived physical fitness (β=0.52), sports mindfulness (β=0.51), and mental balance (β=0.57) were significantly related to self-awareness (P<0.001). The findings also showed that 34% of the variance in mental balance and 42% of the variance in self-awareness were explained by the present model. In addition, the use of the bootstrap method showed that mental balance has a mediating role in the relationship between exogenous variables and self-awareness. Conclusion: Therefore, based on the results obtained, it is suggested that relevant authorities should pay more attention to the predictive role of visual-spatial development variables, sports mindfulness, and perceived physical fitness and the mediating role of mental balance in promoting self-awareness in patients with MS.
Anari, G., & yousefvand, M. (2025). Presenting a causal model of self-awareness in patients with multiple sclerosis based on visuospatial development, sports mindfulness, and perceived physical fitness; the mediating role of mental balance. Functional Research in Sport Psychology, 2(2), 47-64. doi: 10.22091/frs.2025.12872.1052
MLA
Gholamreza Anari; mehdi yousefvand. "Presenting a causal model of self-awareness in patients with multiple sclerosis based on visuospatial development, sports mindfulness, and perceived physical fitness; the mediating role of mental balance". Functional Research in Sport Psychology, 2, 2, 2025, 47-64. doi: 10.22091/frs.2025.12872.1052
HARVARD
Anari, G., yousefvand, M. (2025). 'Presenting a causal model of self-awareness in patients with multiple sclerosis based on visuospatial development, sports mindfulness, and perceived physical fitness; the mediating role of mental balance', Functional Research in Sport Psychology, 2(2), pp. 47-64. doi: 10.22091/frs.2025.12872.1052
VANCOUVER
Anari, G., yousefvand, M. Presenting a causal model of self-awareness in patients with multiple sclerosis based on visuospatial development, sports mindfulness, and perceived physical fitness; the mediating role of mental balance. Functional Research in Sport Psychology, 2025; 2(2): 47-64. doi: 10.22091/frs.2025.12872.1052
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