A Comparative Analysis of Personality Traits of Elite Iranian Chess Coaches and Referees Based on the Five-Factor Model of Personality

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 1. Department of Sport Psychology, ToH.C., Islamic Azad University, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran. 2. Sports Medicine Research Center, ToH.C., Islamic Azad University, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran

2 Department of Sport Psychology, ToH.C., Islamic Azad University, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the personality traits of elite Iranian chess coaches and referees based on the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Given the cognitively demanding nature of chess and the influential roles of coaches and referees, understanding potential personality differences can support more informed selection, training, and professional development.
Methods & Materials: A descriptive–comparative survey design was employed. The statistical population included all elite chess coaches and referees in Iran in 2024. A total of 133 participants were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected electronically using Goldberg’s 50-item Big Five Personality Inventory. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test assessed data normality. One-way ANOVA was used for normally distributed variables, while the Kruskal–Walli’s test was applied for non-normal variables. Analyses were conducted using SPSS 26 with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: No significant differences were observed between coaches and referees in Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, or Openness to Experience (p > 0.05). However, referees demonstrated significantly higher Emotional Stability (p < 0.05), indicating greater capacity for emotional regulation, composure, and stress tolerance under competitive pressure.
Conclusions: The findings indicate a high degree of similarity between the two groups across most personality domains, with Emotional Stability emerging as the primary distinguishing trait. This result underscores the specific psychological demands associated with officiating in chess and emphasizes the importance of emotional regulation in effectively performing the referee role at elite levels.

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History

  • Receive Date: 29 November 2025
  • Revise Date: 29 December 2025
  • Accept Date: 19 April 2026
  • Publish Date: 22 June 2026

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