Psychometric Properties of the Metacognitive Processes during Performance Questionnaire (MPPQ): The Persian Version

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science in Sport,, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Metacognitive Processes during Performance Questionnaire (MPPQ) in a population of Iranian athletes.
Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 244 male and female professional and semi-professional athletes from various sports disciplines in Tehran province. The IQOLA international project was used for questionnaire translation. The validity (content, construct, convergent, discriminant, and predictive) and reliability (internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficient) of the questionnaire were assessed. Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 and Lisrel-8 software.
Results: The Content Validity Ratio (CVR=0.81) and Content Validity Index (CVI >0.79 for all items) were satisfactory. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good fit of the original three-factor model, comprising cognitive coordination, cognitive evaluation, and thought control, (Fit indices: CFI=0.97, RMSEA=0.045). Significant correlations between MPPQ scores and standard questionnaires (such as MCQ, MAI, FFMQ, CFS, and OMSAT-3) confirmed its convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. Reliability, measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.89 for the total questionnaire and ranged from 0.77 to 0.89 for the subscales. Test-retest reliability using ICC ranged from 0.76 to 0.89.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the Persian version of the Metacognitive Processes during Performance Questionnaire (MPPQ) has satisfactory validity and reliability in the population of Iranian athletes and can be used as a valid tool for assessing metacognitive processes during sports performance by researchers and sport psychology practitioners.

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History

  • Receive Date: 13 October 2025
  • Revise Date: 16 November 2025
  • Accept Date: 24 November 2025
  • Publish Date: 22 December 2025

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