Effects of Exercise Causality Orientations and Behaviour Regulation on Mental, Physical and Spiritual Well-Being in Pakistani Adults- Mediation of Health Promoting Lifestyle

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

1 Department of Psychology, Hazara University

2 Department of Sports, Punjab Sports Board, Lahore, Pakistan

3 Department of Psychology, Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

Abstract

Background and Aims
The study aims to explore the effects of exercise causality orientations and behaviour regulation on mental, physical and spiritual well-being in Pakistani adults. The goal is to investigate the health-promoting lifestyle pattern in the community to compare cross-country results in future cross-sectional studies.
 
Materials and Methods:
: A quantitative cross-sectional correlational study was conducted through a purposive sample. A total of 184 adults  (males,n=122, females=62), with the age range between 18 upto 72 )were taken from educational and sports institutes in Pakistan. Valid and reliable instruments were used to conduct descriptive and inferential statistics through IBM SPSS v.25.The instruments of Effects of Exercise Causality Orientations [1] Behaviour Regulation [2], Mental, Physical and Spiritual Well-Being [3]. Only English-proficient adults were included in the study.  Pearson product moment correlation was used. Multiple linear regression was used to test the effects. Mediation was testing through Hayes Process Macro.   Multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the impact of age and gender on the constructs. . .
 
Results: :  The analysis shows that the constructs robustly correlate. the constructs robustly association along. Multiple regression analysis shows that the Effects of exercise, causality orientations, and behaviour regulation significantly affect mental, physical and spiritual well-being in adults. Hayes Process Macro mediation analysis shows that health-promoting lifestyle and sub-dimensions have  a significant effect on lifestyle in terms of health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations and stress management and on  behaviour regulation and overall well-being. Multivariate analysis of variance shows that gender has a main impact on all the constructs. Age does not differ across the all constructs.
 
 
Conclusion: The induction of physical and cultural promotion is integral in Pakistani educational and sports systems.It is important to inculcate psychological tailored therapies for the sports persons across all age groups. Moreover, there is underrepresentation of Central Asian countries in the global sports spheres. Sports must be presented as a universal pivot of cultural interaction, global connection and for intra personal well-being too.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Functional Research in Sport Psychology
Volume 2, Issue 3 - Serial Number 7
September 2025
Pages 38-50

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History

  • Receive Date: 13 June 2025
  • Revise Date: 17 July 2025
  • Accept Date: 19 July 2025
  • Publish Date: 23 September 2025

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